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Economic Evaluation in Education : Cost-Effectiveness and Benefit-Cost Analysis
The past decade has seen increased attention to cost-effectiveness and benefit-cost analysis in education as administrators are being asked to accomplish more with the same or even fewer resources, philanthropists are keen to calculate their "return on investment" in social programs, and the general public is increasingly scrutinizing how resources are allocated to schools and colleges. This text (titled Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in its previous editions) is the only full-length book to provide readers with the step-by-step methods they need to plan and implement a benefit-cost analysis in education.The authors examine a range of issues, including how to identify, measure, and distribute costs; how to measure effectiveness, utility, and benefits; and how to incorporate cost evaluations into the decision-making process.The updates to the Third Edition reflect the considerable methodological development in the evaluation literature, and the greater empiricism practiced by education researchers, to help readers learn to apply more advanced methods to their own analyses. SAGE congratulates author Henry M. Levin, winner of the 2017 AERA Distinguished Contributions to Research in Education Award.
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Cost-Benefit Analysis : Concepts and Practice
Cost-Benefit Analysis provides accessible, comprehensive, authoritative, and practical treatments of the protocols for assessing the relative efficiency of public policies.Its review of essential concepts from microeconomics, and its sophisticated treatment of important topics with minimal use of mathematics helps students from a variety of backgrounds build solid conceptual foundations.It provides thorough treatments of time discounting, dealing with contingent uncertainty using expected surpluses and option prices, taking account of parameter uncertainties using Monte Carlo simulation and other types of sensitivity analyses, revealed preference approaches, stated preference methods including contingent valuation, and other related methods.Updated to cover contemporary research, this edition is considerably reorganized to aid in student and practitioner understanding, and includes eight new cases to demonstrate the actual practice of cost-benefit analysis.Widely cited, it is recognized as an authoritative source on cost-benefit analysis.Illustrations, exhibits, chapter exercises, and case studies help students master concepts and develop craft skills.
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Engineering Economics of Life Cycle Cost Analysis
The rise of the information age and the digital economy has dramatically changed engineering and other technology-driven fields.With tremendous advances in computing and communication systems, major organizational upheavals, all fueled by complexity, globalization, short cycle times, and lean supply chains, the functions of engineers have significantly changed.Engineers and similar professionals must be technically savvy and have product management and costing skills all while working in a distributed and often unstable environment.This new-edition textbook is updated to cover the integration of cost, risk, value, scheduling, and informationtechnologies going beyond basic engineering economics. Engineering Economics of Life Cycle Cost Analysis, Second Edition, offers a systems and life cycle or total ownership cost perspective.It presents advanced costing techniques such as simulation-based costing, decision and risk analysis, complex systemscosting, software, big data, and cloud computing estimation.Examples and problems demonstrating these techniques with real-world applications are also included. All engineers and similar professionals will find this book useful, but it is mainly written for systems engineers, engineering managers, program/product managers, and industrial engineers.The text can serve as a professional reference or for use with graduate courses on advanced engineering economic analysis and cost management, and financial analysis for engineers.
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Killing Marketing: How Innovative Businesses Are Turning Marketing Cost Into Profit
Killing your current marketing structure may be the only way to save it!Two of the world’s top marketing experts reveal the next level of breakthrough success—transforming your marketing strategy into a standalone profit center. What if everything we currently know about marketing is what is holding us back?Over the last two decades, we’ve watched the entire world change the way it buys and stays loyal to brands.But, marketing departments are still operating in the same, campaign-centric, product-led operation that they have been following for 75 years.The most innovative companies around the world have achieved remarkable marketing results by fundamentally changing their approach.By creating value for customers through the use of owned media and the savvy use of content, these businesses have dramatically increased customer loyalty and revenue.Some of them have even taken it to the next step and developed a marketing function that actually pays for itself. Killing Marketing explores how these companies are ending the marketing as we know it—in favor of this new, exciting model.Killing Marketing provides the insight, approaches, and examples you need to understand these disruptive forces in ways that turn your marketing from cost center to revenue creator.This book builds the case for, literally, transforming the purpose of marketing within your organization.Joe Pulizzi and Robert Rose of the Content Marketing Institute show how leading companies are able sell the very content that propels their marketing strategy.You’ll learn how to:* Transform all or part of your marketing operation into a media company* Integrate this new operation into traditional marketing efforts* Develop best practices for attracting and retaining audiences * Build a strategy for competing against traditional media companies * Create a paid/earned media strategy fueled by an owned media strategyRed Bull, Johnson & Johnson, Disney and Arrow Electronics have succeeded in what ten years ago would have been deemed impossible.They continue to market their products as they always have, and, through their content-driven and audience-building initiatives, they drive value outside the day-to-day products they sell—and monetize it directly.Killing Marketing rewrites the rules of marketing—enabling you to make the kind of transition that turns average companies into industry legends.
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How much does online marketing cost?
The cost of online marketing can vary widely depending on the specific strategies and tactics used, as well as the size and scope of the campaign. Some common expenses to consider include website development and maintenance, search engine optimization (SEO), pay-per-click advertising, social media marketing, email marketing, and content creation. Additionally, the cost of online marketing can also depend on whether a business chooses to handle it in-house or outsource to a marketing agency. Overall, the cost of online marketing can range from a few hundred dollars per month for small businesses to thousands of dollars per month for larger companies with more extensive marketing needs.
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How much does advertising cost?
The cost of advertising can vary widely depending on the platform, audience size, and the specific advertising campaign goals. For example, advertising on social media platforms like Facebook or Instagram can range from a few dollars to several thousand dollars, depending on the reach and engagement desired. Similarly, advertising on television, radio, or billboards can also vary in cost based on factors such as time slots, audience demographics, and geographic location. Overall, the cost of advertising is highly variable and depends on the specific needs and goals of the advertiser.
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How much does a marketing degree cost?
The cost of a marketing degree can vary widely depending on the type of institution and the location. On average, a bachelor's degree in marketing from a public university can cost anywhere from $10,000 to $30,000 per year for in-state students, while out-of-state students may pay more. Private universities can be even more expensive, with annual tuition ranging from $20,000 to $50,000 or more. Additionally, there may be additional costs for books, materials, and other fees. It's important to research and compare the costs of different programs before making a decision.
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How much do LED advertising banners cost?
The cost of LED advertising banners can vary depending on factors such as size, resolution, and customization. Generally, smaller LED banners can start at around $500, while larger, high-resolution banners can cost several thousand dollars. Customization options, such as curved or flexible displays, can also increase the cost. Additionally, ongoing expenses such as electricity and maintenance should be considered when budgeting for LED advertising banners.
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Project Analysis in Developing Countries : Cost Benefit Analysis for Development
This updated new edition explores the techniques used to assess the economic impact of projects in developing countries.Blending an academic understanding of economics and development with an accessible style and practical advice, the costs and benefits of investment projects, an important mechanism for economic development, are assessed to ensure that resource allocation is as productive as possible.New material has been added, particularly on the environmental impact of projects, the role of the discount rate in decision-taking, the application of techniques to estimate willingness to pay for benefit estimation and the quantification of health impacts. Although the basic techniques of project analysis were developed many decades ago, they remain highly relevant to address current concerns, such as population growth, urbanisation, pressure on physical infrastructure, inequality, and the climate crisis.This book aims to provide an accessible overview, drawn from extensive practical experience, of project analysis in developing countries.It will be relevant to students, researchers, and practitioners interested in development economics.
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Imperial Measurement : A Cost–Benefit Analysis of Western Colonialism
Why did the West become rich? Was it the product of institutions, culture, and economic policies? Or were foreign expansion, imperialist exploitation and the slave trade the keys to prosperity?In this book, Kristian Niemietz takes the reader beyond the ‘Culture War’ debates around the legacy of the British Empire, and looks at the economics of imperialism.By examining the empirical work of modern historians of colonialism, as well as the views of contemporary figures ranging from Adam Smith to Karl Marx, Niemietz explores a debate which has raged for three centuries and is only growing more contentious.Drawing on data from various European colonial empires, Niemietz casts doubt on the claim – popular among both 19th-century imperialists and modern-day progressives – that empire was a crucial factor in the West’s rise to prosperity.Instead, he shows that – its immorality aside – Western colonialism was simply bad economics.Far from being a story of plunder leading to sustained growth, the story of empire is an all too familiar tale of vested interests using the state to secure private benefits while leaving the taxpayer to foot the bill.
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Cost-Benefit Analysis : Financial and Economic Appraisal Using Spreadsheets
Now in its third edition, Cost-Benefit Analysis has been updated, offering readers the perfect introduction to project, programme and policy appraisal using basic tools of financial and economic analysis. The key economic questions of any social cost-benefit analysis are: do the benefits of the project or policy exceed the costs, no matter how widely costs and benefits are spread, and irrespective of whether or not project impacts, such as environmental effects, are reflected in market prices? And which group or groups of individuals receive the benefits and which bear the costs?This book addresses these questions with an emphasis on putting the theory presented in the book into practice. This third edition has several attractive features:Readers are encouraged to develop their own skills by applying the tools and techniques of cost-benefit analysis to case studies and examples, including an analysis of a project which is developed throughout the book. The book emphasizes the use of spreadsheets which are invaluable in providing a framework for the cost-benefit analysis. A dedicated chapter provides guidance for writing up a report which summarises the analysis which has been undertaken. New pedagogical features, including Technical Notes and Examples, have been added as an aid to readers throughout the text. An appendix provides 14 additional case studies which can be developed in class or as assignment projects. Additional material for instructors and students is provided through Support Material maintained by Routledge. This updated edition is an ideal text for a course on cost-benefit analysis where the emphasis is on practical application of principles and equipping students to conduct appraisals.It is also a useful handbook for professionals looking for a logical framework in which to undertake their cost-benefit analysis work.
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The Cost
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How much do digital application photos cost?
The cost of digital application photos can vary depending on the service provider and the quality of the photos. On average, digital application photos can range from $10 to $50. Some professional photography studios may charge more for a session that includes digital application photos, while online services or DIY options may be more affordable. It's important to research different options and compare prices to find the best deal for your needs.
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What is network marketing?
Network marketing is a business model where individuals sell products or services directly to consumers through a network of distributors. These distributors earn commissions not only on their own sales, but also on the sales made by the distributors they have recruited into the network. This creates a multi-level structure where distributors can build a team and earn passive income from the sales generated by their downline. Network marketing often involves selling products through word-of-mouth marketing and building relationships with customers and team members.
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How much does a DNA analysis cost?
The cost of a DNA analysis can vary widely depending on the type of analysis being performed and the provider. A basic DNA test for ancestry or genealogy purposes can range from $100 to $200, while more comprehensive tests for health and disease risk can cost several hundred dollars to over a thousand dollars. Additionally, the cost may be influenced by factors such as the number of genetic markers being analyzed and the level of detail provided in the results. It's important to research different providers and their offerings to find the best option for your needs and budget.
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How much does advertising on a car cost?
The cost of advertising on a car can vary depending on several factors such as the size of the ad, the location of the car, the duration of the ad campaign, and the type of car. Generally, the cost can range from a few hundred dollars to a few thousand dollars per month. Some companies offer packages that include the cost of designing and installing the ad on the car, while others may charge separately for these services. It's important to research and compare different options to find the best fit for your budget and advertising goals.
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